Pigmentation is due to the deposition of melanin which is a coloring matter. The melanin is produced by specialized cells called melanocytes. The colour of the skin depends mainly on this melanin and amount of melanin present in other layers of the epidermis. The pigmentation is caused by the increased melanin deposition in the epidermis or dermis; it can be increased on sun exposure. In addition, irrespective of skin colour, it is the uneven distribution of melanin pigment in the skin that results in freckling. A freckle is nothing more than a usually heavy deposit of melanin at one spot in the skin.
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